A recent study revealed that people with HIV who have three or more metabolic conditions are at significantly higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Metabolic conditions affect how the body processes energy and nutrients like fats, sugars, and proteins. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels.

Per the study, people with HIV have up to a 10-fold higher risk for type 2 diabetes if they have three or more of the following metabolic conditions:

• Prediabetes — Elevated blood sugar levels that haven’t yet reached diabetes levels are a risk.
• High triglycerides — Elevated levels of fats in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
• Low HDL cholesterol — Low levels of the “good” cholesterol, which helps clear excess fat from the bloodstream, are associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular issues.
• A high body mass index (BMI) score — Having a BMI score (which measures the ratio of height to weight) of 30 or higher is considered a risk factor for diabetes.

The findings come from a large-scale analysis of more than 7,700 people with HIV. In the study, some participants were taking pitavastatin, a drug used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, while others were not. The increased risk for type 2 diabetes was equally high in all participants, regardless of whether they took the drug.

The study builds on past research linking HIV to metabolic changes and unhealthy lipid levels, such as high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, which increase diabetes risk.

How To Reduce Your Diabetes Risk

If you’re living with HIV, you may face a higher risk for metabolic conditions like prediabetes and high triglycerides, which can increase the likelihood of developing diabetes. Fortunately, steps like eating a balanced diet and staying physically active can help manage these risks. Regular health screenings, including blood sugar and cholesterol checks, are also essential.

It’s also important to continue your HIV treatment regimen, as it helps keep the virus under control and reduces inflammation. Be sure to see your doctor regularly — typically every three to six months, or as recommended. Inform them of any health changes, such as unusual thirst, frequent urination, or fatigue, which could signal diabetes.

Learn about four causes of weight gain for people with HIV.

Find Your Team

On myHIVteam, the social network for people living with HIV and their loved ones, members come together to ask questions, give advice, and share their stories with others who understand life with HIV.

Have you noticed any early signs of diabetes? What steps are you taking to stay healthy? Share your tips and experiences in a comment below, start a conversation on your Activities page, or connect with like-minded members in Groups.